{"id":211,"date":"2025-08-31T18:28:43","date_gmt":"2025-08-31T15:28:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.leagueofficers.org\/?page_id=211"},"modified":"2025-12-28T16:21:56","modified_gmt":"2025-12-28T14:21:56","slug":"ihl-training","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.leagueofficers.org\/en\/liga-oficeriv-mizhnarodne-gumanitarne-pravo\/ihl-training\/","title":{"rendered":"Providing assistance to the Armed Forces of Ukraine in in-depth study of the norms of international humanitarian law (IHL) by military personnel"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wp-block-cover is-light\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-cover__background has-background-dim\" style=\"background-color:#847b75\"><\/span><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1215\" height=\"911\" class=\"wp-block-cover__image-background wp-image-437\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/www.leagueofficers.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/e3b972a9-deec-4e39-9af1-32cfe8c4b379-1-wpp1757760642968.jpg\" data-object-fit=\"cover\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.leagueofficers.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/e3b972a9-deec-4e39-9af1-32cfe8c4b379-1-wpp1757760642968.jpg 1215w, https:\/\/www.leagueofficers.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/e3b972a9-deec-4e39-9af1-32cfe8c4b379-1-wpp1757760642968-980x735.jpg 980w, https:\/\/www.leagueofficers.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/e3b972a9-deec-4e39-9af1-32cfe8c4b379-1-wpp1757760642968-480x360.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 980px) 980px, (min-width: 981px) 1215px, 100vw\" \/><div class=\"wp-block-cover__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-cover-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-large-font-size\"><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>Preface<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dissemination of knowledge about IHL is an unconditional and direct obligation of Ukraine as a party to all four Geneva Conventions and Additional Protocol I to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, relating to the Protection of Victims of International Armed Conflicts (Protocol I) (hereinafter referred to as the Additional Protocol). In addition, it is an important military-political component of the work on further democratization of the security and defense sector of Ukraine. At the same time, the mentioned sources identify the armed forces as the main categories of persons who should have knowledge of IHL.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In turn, Article 15 of the Statute of the Internal Service of the Armed Forces of Ukraine stipulates: \u201cA serviceman is obliged to know and strictly adhere to the norms of international humanitarian law adopted by Ukraine.\u201d The commander (chief) has separate obligations, who must not only know and adhere to, but also demand from the personnel strict adherence to the norms of IHL.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The dissemination of knowledge among the military personnel of the Armed Forces of Ukraine about the norms of IHL has become particularly relevant in the context of repelling the armed aggression of the Russian Federation, which has been ongoing since February 20, 2014. After all, strict adherence to the norms of IHL on the battlefield is not only a statutory duty of Ukrainian military personnel, but also a demonstration of their fundamental mental difference from the army of the occupying country.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>History of the beginning of the learning process<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p><em>Since February 2023, the NGO \"League of Officers\", as an executive partner of the Geneva Center for Security Sector Governance (DCAF), has joined the implementation of the project of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of Ukraine on in-depth study of IHL norms by servicemen of the Armed Forces of Ukraine (hereinafter referred to as the project), which is ongoing to this day.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>The main criteria that the NGO adheres to for conducting IHL training in the military (forces):<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>target audience \u2013 sergeants (95% of the total audience covered) and junior officers (5% of the total audience covered). The choice of the target audience is due to the fact that junior commanders directly apply IHL norms during direct contact with enemy forces. And sergeants, as the youngest commanders, are additionally responsible for preventing violations of IHL norms and immediately stopping them if any;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0456\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0456\u044f \u0440\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0438 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0441\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0443 \u0413\u041e \u043f\u0456\u0434 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u044e \u043a\u043e\u043e\u0440\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0454\u044e \u0443 \u0432\u0456\u0439\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0430\u0445 (\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0445) \u0426\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u044e\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0456\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0413\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0448\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0443 \u0417\u0421 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0438;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The locations of classes and the procedure for admitting the coaching staff of NGOs to the territory of military organizations are determined by a specific order of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of Ukraine;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>the number of training groups is not less than 40 people; media coverage of project activities on IHL is carried out through the Main Communications Directorate of the Armed Forces of Ukraine.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>As part of the DCAF project activities, the coaching staff of the public organization \u201cLeague of Officers\u201d developed the following for the needs of the Armed Forces of Ukraine:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The IHL Comprehensive Package is a practical tool designed for training junior commanders. It includes a training course combined with a 16-hour Program consisting of 8 interconnected modules, each of which includes a theoretical part - mini-lectures with a presentation and practical exercises - interactive conversations, stimulating games, short discussions:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>How to motivate military personnel to study and adhere to IHL?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0414\u0436\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043b\u0430&nbsp; \u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043f\u0438 \u041c\u0413\u041f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>How to deal with protected persons?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0417\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0438 \u0442\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0438 \u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0431\u043e\u0439\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0445 \u0434\u0456\u0439.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0412\u0456\u0434\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0434\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0437\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043d\u043e\u0440\u043c \u041c\u0413\u041f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0421\u043f\u0440\u0438\u044f\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0437\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043c \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0456\u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0448\u0435\u043d\u044c \u043d\u043e\u0440\u043c \u041c\u0413\u041f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u041c\u0435\u0434\u0456\u0430 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0442\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0442\u0430 \u041c\u0413\u041f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Civilian population and civilians who find themselves under the power of the opposing side.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Informational and methodological material:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Test tasks to test knowledge of IHL for each training module can be used both remotely and physically;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Collection of international treaties;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Individual memo card for collecting evidence and reporting violations of IHL;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0411\u0440\u043e\u0448\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u044f\u043a\u0430 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u043a\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0454 \u0430\u043b\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043c \u0437\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0443 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0456\u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e \u0441\u043a\u043e\u0454\u043d\u0456 \u0432\u043e\u0454\u043d\u043d\u0456 \u0437\u043b\u043e\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043c;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0406\u043d\u0434\u0438\u0432\u0456\u0434\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043a\u0430-\u043f\u0430\u043c\u2019\u044f\u0442\u043a\u0430 \u0449\u043e\u0434\u043e \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0433&nbsp; \u0434\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0442\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043d\u043e\u0440\u043c \u041c\u0413\u041f \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0456 \u0431\u043e\u044e.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Recommendations for covering the issue of compliance with international humanitarian law during the Russian-Ukrainian armed conflict.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>Regarding the instructors (coaching staff).<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u041f\u0456\u0434\u0431\u0456\u0440 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0441\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0443 \u0437\u0434\u0456\u0439\u0441\u043d\u044e\u0454\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0437 \u0443\u0440\u0430\u0445\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f\u043c \u0433\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0431\u0430\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0443. \u0412\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0447\u0430\u0441, \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044f\u043a \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0438 \u0441\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0456 \u043e\u0444\u0456\u0446\u0435\u0440\u0438 \u044e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0437\u0432\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0456 \u0443 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0443, \u044f\u043a\u0456 \u043c\u0430\u044e\u0442\u044c \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e-\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0440\u0456\u0432\u0435\u043d\u044c \u043e\u0441\u0432\u0456\u0442\u0438 \u0442\u0430 \u0454 \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0431\u043e\u0439\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0445 \u0434\u0456\u0439, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0436 \u0491\u0440\u0443\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e \u0432\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0434\u0456\u044e\u0442\u044c \u0442\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0447\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043d\u043e\u0440\u043c \u041c\u0413\u041f \u0426\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u0454 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0456\u0434\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0456\u0434 \u0447\u0430\u0441 \u0437\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0440\u0456\u0432\u0435\u043d\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0443\u0441\u0456\u0439 \u0442\u0430 \u043b\u0435\u0433\u043a\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u044e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0456\u0439 \u0437\u0432\u2019\u044f\u0437\u043e\u043a \u0437 \u0446\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0430\u0443\u0434\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0456\u044f\u043c\u0438.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Currently, the team of the public organization \u201cLeague of Officers\u201d has 15 (fifteen) professionally trained trainers, which, if necessary, makes it possible to provide 25 training sessions on the study of IHL norms in the troops (forces) every month.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>\u0425\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u0413\u041e \u201c\u041b\u0456\u0433\u0430 \u043e\u0444\u0456\u0446\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0432\u201d \u0437 2023 \u0440\u043e\u043a\u0443 \u0432 \u0456\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0430\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u044c \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0443 \u0417\u0421 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e \u043d\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438 \u041c\u0413\u041f:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0443 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0430\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0454\u043a\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u0434\u0456\u044f\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456 DCAF (\u0437 \u043b\u044e\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e 2023 \u0440. \u043f\u043e \u0433\u0440\u0443\u0434\u0435\u043d\u044c 2025 \u0440.) \u0431\u0443\u043b\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043e 8 (\u0432\u0456\u0441\u0456\u043c) \u043d\u0430\u0432\u0447\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0456\u0432. \u0417\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u043b\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 140 \u043d\u0430\u0432\u0447\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f \u0437 \u043e\u0445\u043e\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f\u043c \u043f\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0434 5&nbsp;600 \u0432\u0456\u0439\u0441\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0446\u0456\u0432, \u0443 \u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0456: 5440 \u2013 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0456\u0432 \u0442\u0430 160 \u2013 \u043e\u0444\u0456\u0446\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0432. \u041a\u0440\u0456\u043c \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u0456\u0434\u043b\u0435\u0433\u043b\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456, \u044f\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0456 \u0456\u0441\u043d\u0443\u0454 \u0443 \u0417\u0421 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0438, \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0456 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0456 \u043e\u0444\u0456\u0446\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0437 \u041c\u0413\u041f \u0433\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0457\u0445 \u043f\u0456\u0434\u043b\u0435\u0433\u043b\u0438\u043c;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0443 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0430\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0454\u043a\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u0434\u0456\u044f\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u0416\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0432\u0441\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0443 (\u0437 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043d\u044f 2024 \u0440. \u043f\u043e \u0441\u0456\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044c 2025 \u0440.) \u0431\u0443\u043b\u043e \u0441\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e 88 \u043d\u0430\u0432\u0447\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f \u0442\u0430 \u043e\u0445\u043e\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0434 1 200 \u0432\u0456\u0439\u0441\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0446\u0456\u0432 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0441\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0443;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0443 2023 \u0440. \u0437\u0430\u0431\u0435\u0437\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0456\u043d\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0435\u043c\u0456\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443 \u043f\u0456\u0434 \u0435\u0433\u0456\u0434\u043e\u044e DCAF \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0432 \u043f\u0456\u0434 \u0447\u0430\u0441 \u044f\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0456\u0434\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e 20 \u0446\u0438\u0432\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0456\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0456\u0432 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0437 \u0432\u0456\u0439\u0441\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0446\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0417\u0421 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0437 \u041c\u0413\u041f (<em>30.11-01.12.2023, \u043c. \u041b\u044c\u0432\u0456\u0432<\/em>);<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0443 2024 \u2013 2025 \u0440\u0440. \u0437\u0430\u0431\u0435\u0437\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0442\u0440\u044c\u043e\u0445 \u0446\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0445 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0456\u043d\u0433\u0456\u0432 \u043f\u0456\u0434 \u0435\u0433\u0456\u0434\u043e\u044e DCAF \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043a\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0432\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0456\u0432 \u044e\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0431 \u0417\u0421 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0438 \u0437\u0430 \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044e \u0444\u0430\u0445\u0456\u0432\u0446\u0456\u0432 \u0413\u041e \u201c\u041b\u0456\u0433\u0430 \u043e\u0444\u0456\u0446\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0432\u201d \u0442\u0430 \u043c\u0456\u0436\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0435\u043a\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0456\u0432 \u0437\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u043e\u044e, \u044f\u043a\u0430 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u043a\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0454 \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u0434\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043d\u043e\u0440\u043c \u041c\u0413\u041f, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0436 \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432 \u0456 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434 \u0432\u0456\u0439\u0441\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0446\u0456\u0432 \u043f\u0456\u0434 \u0447\u0430\u0441 \u0437\u0431\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u043b\u0456\u043a\u0442\u0456\u0432 (<em>27-28.11.2024, 24-28.11.2025, \u043c. \u041b\u044c\u0432\u0456\u0432)<\/em>;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0437\u0430\u0431\u0435\u0437\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0446\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0456\u043d\u0433\u0443 DCAF \u0437\u0430 \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044e \u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0441\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0443 \u0413\u041e \u201c\u041b\u0456\u0433\u0430 \u043e\u0444\u0456\u0446\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0432\u201d \u0442\u0430 \u043c\u0456\u0436\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0435\u043a\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0456\u0432 \u0434\u043b\u044f 15 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0456\u0432 \u042e\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0431\u0438 \u0417\u0421 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0438 \u0437\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u043e\u044e \u201c\u041c\u0456\u0441\u0446\u0435 \u043c\u0456\u0436\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0433\u0443\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0456\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u0432 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0456 \u043f\u0456\u0434\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u0417\u0431\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0421\u0438\u043b \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0438 \u0432 \u0443\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0445 \u0437\u0431\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u043b\u0456\u043a\u0442\u0443\u201d (27-28.11.2024, \u043c. \u041b\u044c\u0432\u0456\u0432);<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0437\u0430\u0431\u0435\u0437\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u0456\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u043f\u0440\u043e \u0431\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0444\u0456\u0446\u0456\u0430\u0440\u0456\u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0454\u043a\u0442\u0443 (DCAF, \u0416\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0432\u0441\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0443, \u0443\u0440\u044f\u0434\u0456\u0432 \u0428\u0432\u0435\u0439\u0446\u0430\u0440\u0441\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0457 \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457, \u0424\u0456\u043d\u043b\u044f\u043d\u0434\u0456\u0457 \u0442\u0430 \u0412\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0457 \u0411\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0456\u0457) \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0443 \u0417\u0421 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0438 \u0442\u0430 \u0443\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0441\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0443\u0441\u043f\u0456\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0432 \u0446\u0456\u043b\u043e\u043c\u0443;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0417\u0431\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043d\u0456 \u0421\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0431\u0435\u0437\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0456 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0456\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0439\u043d\u043e-\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0430\u043b\u0438, \u044f\u043a\u0456 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0456 \u0437 \u0443\u0440\u0430\u0445\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f\u043c \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0456\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0456 \u043c\u0456\u0436\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0432\u0456\u0434\u0443.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em><u>\u0423\u0441\u043f\u0456\u0448\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0440\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0438 \u0413\u041e \u201c\u041b\u0456\u0433\u0430 \u043e\u0444\u0456\u0446\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0432\u201d \u043f\u0456\u0434\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0436\u0443\u0454\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f:<\/u><\/em><\/strong><strong><em><u><\/u><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0456\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0439\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0432\u0438\u0441\u0432\u0456\u0442\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f\u043c \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043e\u043c\u0447\u0438\u0445 \u0442\u0430 \u0456\u043d\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u041c\u0435\u0434\u0456\u0430<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0438\u043c \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0442\u043e\u043c \u043d\u0430 \u0456\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0439\u043d\u043e-\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0456 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0437 \u041c\u0413\u041f \u0432 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0445 \u0432\u0456\u0439\u0441\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0456\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0442\u0430 \u0443 \u0432\u0456\u0439\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0430\u0445 (\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0445), \u044f\u043a\u0456 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0456 \u0432 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0430\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0454\u043a\u0442\u0443<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0437\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0438 \u0443 \u043d\u0430\u0432\u0447\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0456 \u043c\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0434\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0438\u0440\u0456\u0432 \u044f\u043a \u0442\u0438\u0445, \u0445\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0437\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u0431\u0456\u043b\u0456\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0454\u044e, \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0456 \u0437 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u0456\u0439\u0441\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0445<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0441\u0445\u0432\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u044e \u043e\u0446\u0456\u043d\u043a\u043e\u044e \u0413\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0448\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0443 \u0417\u0421 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0438 \u0437\u043c\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0443 16-\u0442\u0438 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u043d\u0430\u0432\u0447\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u044f\u043a\u0430 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0456 \u0432\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0454\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0456\u0434 \u0447\u0430\u0441 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0434\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0456\u043d\u0433\u0456\u0432.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0433\u0443\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u0449\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f (\u043d\u0430\u0434\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442\u044c) \u0432\u0456\u0434 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0456\u0432 \u0432\u0456\u0439\u0441\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0456\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0442\u0430 \u0432\u0456\u0439\u0441\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0445 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Test tasks to test the level of knowledge of non-commissioned officers of the Armed Forces of Ukraine on international humanitarian law (IHL) in conditions of international armed conflict (IAC)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-text-align-center wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/mgptest.netlify.app\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">\u0422\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u041f\u043e\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e \u041c\u0413\u041f \u0454 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043c\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0456 \u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u0438\u043c \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0432\u2019\u044f\u0437\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0438 \u044f\u043a \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0456 \u0443\u0441\u0456\u0445 \u0447\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0440\u044c\u043e\u0445 \u0416\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0432\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0456\u0439 \u0442\u0430 \u0414\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0442\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0443 \u0406 \u0434\u043e \u0416\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0432\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0456\u0439 \u0432\u0456\u0434 12 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u043f\u043d\u044f 1949 \u0440\u043e\u043a\u0443, \u0449\u043e \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0454\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0443 \u0436\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0432 \u043c\u0456\u0436\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0437\u0431\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u043b\u0456\u043a\u0442\u0456\u0432 (\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b I) (\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0456 \u2013 \u0414\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0442\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b). \u041a\u0440\u0456\u043c \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0446\u0435 \u0454 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043b\u0438\u0432\u043e\u044e \u0432\u043e\u0454\u043d\u043d\u043e-\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0456\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u044e \u0441\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043e\u0432\u043e\u044e \u0440\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0438 \u0437 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0457 \u0434\u0435\u043c\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0441\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0443 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0438 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":437,"parent":6,"menu_order":1,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"off","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"1080","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-211","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"rttpg_featured_image_url":{"full":["https:\/\/www.leagueofficers.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/e3b972a9-deec-4e39-9af1-32cfe8c4b379-1-wpp1757760642968.jpg",1215,911,false],"landscape":["https:\/\/www.leagueofficers.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/e3b972a9-deec-4e39-9af1-32cfe8c4b379-1-wpp1757760642968.jpg",1215,911,false],"portraits":["https:\/\/www.leagueofficers.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/e3b972a9-deec-4e39-9af1-32cfe8c4b379-1-wpp1757760642968.jpg",1215,911,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/www.leagueofficers.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/e3b972a9-deec-4e39-9af1-32cfe8c4b379-1-wpp1757760642968-150x150.jpg",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/www.leagueofficers.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/e3b972a9-deec-4e39-9af1-32cfe8c4b379-1-wpp1757760642968-300x225.jpg",300,225,true],"large":["https:\/\/www.leagueofficers.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/e3b972a9-deec-4e39-9af1-32cfe8c4b379-1-wpp1757760642968-1024x768.jpg",1024,768,true],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/www.leagueofficers.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/e3b972a9-deec-4e39-9af1-32cfe8c4b379-1-wpp1757760642968.jpg",1215,911,false],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/www.leagueofficers.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/e3b972a9-deec-4e39-9af1-32cfe8c4b379-1-wpp1757760642968.jpg",1215,911,false],"trp-custom-language-flag":["https:\/\/www.leagueofficers.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/e3b972a9-deec-4e39-9af1-32cfe8c4b379-1-wpp1757760642968.jpg",16,12,false],"et-pb-post-main-image":["https:\/\/www.leagueofficers.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/e3b972a9-deec-4e39-9af1-32cfe8c4b379-1-wpp1757760642968-400x250.jpg",400,250,true],"et-pb-post-main-image-fullwidth":["https:\/\/www.leagueofficers.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/e3b972a9-deec-4e39-9af1-32cfe8c4b379-1-wpp1757760642968-1080x675.jpg",1080,675,true],"et-pb-portfolio-image":["https:\/\/www.leagueofficers.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/e3b972a9-deec-4e39-9af1-32cfe8c4b379-1-wpp1757760642968-400x284.jpg",400,284,true],"et-pb-portfolio-module-image":["https:\/\/www.leagueofficers.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/e3b972a9-deec-4e39-9af1-32cfe8c4b379-1-wpp1757760642968-510x382.jpg",510,382,true],"et-pb-portfolio-image-single":["https:\/\/www.leagueofficers.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/e3b972a9-deec-4e39-9af1-32cfe8c4b379-1-wpp1757760642968-1080x810.jpg",1080,810,true],"et-pb-gallery-module-image-portrait":["https:\/\/www.leagueofficers.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/e3b972a9-deec-4e39-9af1-32cfe8c4b379-1-wpp1757760642968-400x516.jpg",400,516,true],"et-pb-post-main-image-fullwidth-large":["https:\/\/www.leagueofficers.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/e3b972a9-deec-4e39-9af1-32cfe8c4b379-1-wpp1757760642968.jpg",1215,911,false],"et-pb-image--responsive--desktop":["https:\/\/www.leagueofficers.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/e3b972a9-deec-4e39-9af1-32cfe8c4b379-1-wpp1757760642968.jpg",960,720,false],"et-pb-image--responsive--tablet":["https:\/\/www.leagueofficers.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/e3b972a9-deec-4e39-9af1-32cfe8c4b379-1-wpp1757760642968-980x735.jpg",735,551,true],"et-pb-image--responsive--phone":["https:\/\/www.leagueofficers.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/e3b972a9-deec-4e39-9af1-32cfe8c4b379-1-wpp1757760642968-480x360.jpg",360,270,true]},"rttpg_author":{"display_name":"admin","author_link":"https:\/\/www.leagueofficers.org\/en\/author\/admin\/"},"rttpg_comment":0,"rttpg_category":null,"rttpg_excerpt":"\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u041f\u043e\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e \u041c\u0413\u041f \u0454 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043c\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0456 \u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u0438\u043c \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0432\u2019\u044f\u0437\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0438 \u044f\u043a \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0456 \u0443\u0441\u0456\u0445 \u0447\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0440\u044c\u043e\u0445 \u0416\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0432\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0456\u0439 \u0442\u0430 \u0414\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0442\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0443 \u0406 \u0434\u043e \u0416\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0432\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0456\u0439 \u0432\u0456\u0434 12 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u043f\u043d\u044f 1949 \u0440\u043e\u043a\u0443, \u0449\u043e \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0454\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0443 \u0436\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0432 \u043c\u0456\u0436\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0437\u0431\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u043b\u0456\u043a\u0442\u0456\u0432 (\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b I) (\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0456 \u2013 \u0414\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0442\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b). \u041a\u0440\u0456\u043c \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0446\u0435 \u0454 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043b\u0438\u0432\u043e\u044e \u0432\u043e\u0454\u043d\u043d\u043e-\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0456\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u044e \u0441\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043e\u0432\u043e\u044e \u0440\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0438 \u0437 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0457 \u0434\u0435\u043c\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0441\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0443 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0438&hellip;","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.leagueofficers.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/211"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.leagueofficers.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.leagueofficers.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.leagueofficers.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.leagueofficers.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=211"}],"version-history":[{"count":17,"href":"https:\/\/www.leagueofficers.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/211\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2028,"href":"https:\/\/www.leagueofficers.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/211\/revisions\/2028"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.leagueofficers.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/6"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.leagueofficers.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/437"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.leagueofficers.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=211"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}